IX
Figure D 1.1. The sky functions used in this calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Figure D 1.2. The contribution of the solar disk to the irradiance of pyrheliometric sensors depending on
the pointing error. Case of mountain aerosol and 60 degrees solar elevation. . . . . . . . 138
Figure D 1.3. Same as Fig. D 1.2 except the case is for continental background aerosol and 20 degrees
solar elevation. ......................................................... 139
Figure D 1.4. The contribution of the circumsolar sky to the irradiance of pyrheliometric sensors. The
upper 3 curves belong to the case of continental background aerosol and 20 degrees
solar elevation, the lower 3 curves belong to the case of mountain aerosol and 60
degrees solar elevation. In both group of curves the instruments are from the top to down:
NIP, KIPP and ABS. ..................................................... 139
Figure D 2.2. The geometry of cloud edge scattering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Figure D 2.1. Surface Irradiance: the shadow of the model cloud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Figure D 2.3. The geometry of cloud side reflectance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Figure D 2.4. Measured radiance functions: example for the cloud side reflectance (upper curve) as well
the clearest cases for high and low solar elevation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Figure D 2.5. Measured radiance functions: various unidentified examples for cloud edge scattering and
the clearest case (cloudless high sun (x)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Figure D 2.7. Model radiances for the cloud edge scattering and for the clear sky, mountain aerosol, h=60
degrees................................................................ 146
Figure D 2.6. Model radiances of clear sky at 60° solar elevation with mountain aerosol, clear sky at 20°
solar elevation with continental background aerosol and the same conditions with cloud
at 1, 2 and 3° from the solar centre.......................................... 146
Figure D 2.9. The basic geometrical characteristics of the pyrheliometers involved into the calculation.
...................................................................... 147
Figure D 2.8. Model radiances for the cloud edge scattering and for the clear sky, background aerosol,
h=20 degrees. .......................................................... 147
Figure D 2.10. Cloud effect for the ABS pyrheliometer group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Figure D 2.11. Cloud effect for the Crommelynck 3L pyrheliometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Figure D 2.13. Cloud effect for the NIP pyrheliometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Figure D 2.12. Cloud effect for the KIPP pyrheliometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Figure G 1. Sample log sheet from the University of Calgary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Figure G 2. Sample log sheet from the NREL HBCU solar radiation network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Figure G 3. Sample log sheet from the Canadian BSRN site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Figure J 1. A BSRN station and the WRMC................................................. 172
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